In this brief clip of two of the trials, Professor Richard Byrne describes how the elephants got the point from the first test.
African
elephants have demonstrated what appears to be an instinctive
understanding of human gestures, according to UK scientists.
In a series of tests, researcher Ann Smet, of the University
of St Andrews, offered the animals a choice between two identical
buckets, then pointed at the one containing a hidden treat. From the first trial, the elephants chose the correct bucket.
The results are published in the journal Current Biology.
Animal keeper Rachel Melling describes the bond she
feels with the elephants she works with and how they "respond to body
language".
Prof Richard Byrne, a co-author on the research, said the elephants had been rescued from culling operations and trained for riding.
"They specifically train the elephants to respond to vocal cues. They don't use any gestures at all," said Prof Byrne.
"The idea is that the handler can walk behind the elephant and just tell it what to do with words."
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“Start Quote
Ann Smet University of St AndrewsIt seems that understanding pointing is an ability elephants just possess naturally”
Despite this, the animals seemed
to grasp the meaning of pointing from the outset. This makes them the
only non-human animals to understand the gesture without being trained
to do so.
In previous studies, Prof Byrne said, our closest primate
cousins, the chimpanzees, proved to be "hopeless" at at similar task. Ms Smet added that she had been impressed by the animals' apparently innate understanding of the gesture.
"Of course we had hoped that the elephants would be able to learn to follow human pointing, or we wouldn't have done the experiment in the first place," she said.
"But it was really surprising that they didn't seem to have to learn anything.
"It seems that understanding pointing is an ability elephants just possess naturally and they are cognitively much more like us than has been realised."
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Nature's giants
- African elephants are the largest living land animals
- Until recently there was one species of elephant in Africa - but they are now classified as either forest or bush (or savannah) elephants
- Forest elephants, as the name suggests, are found in equatorial forests and have straighter trunks and rounded ears
- Bush elephants are more widespread, mostly south of the Sahara in a range of habitats including savannah, swamps and deserts
Prof Byrne said studying elephants helped build a map of part of the evolutionary tree that is very distant from humans.
"They're so unrelated to us," he told BBC News. "So if we
find human-like abilities in an animal like an elephant, that hasn't
shared a common ancestor with people for more than 100 million years ,
we can be pretty sure that it's evolved completely separately, by what's
called convergent evolution."The researchers said their findings might explain how elephants have successfully been tamed and have "historically had a close bond with humans, in spite of being potentially dangerous and unmanageable due to their great size".
But the scientists added the results could be a hint that the animals gesture to one another in the wild with their "highly controllable trunks".
Ms Smet told BBC News: "The next step [in our research] is to test whether when an elephant extends its trunk upwards and outwards - as they regularly do, such as when detecting a predator, this functions as a point."
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